The Implications of Significant Changes in Seminary Enrollments

In February 2023, the Association of Theological Schools reported that for the first time in its history, the Master of Arts degree enrollment of 27,790 students exceeded the Master of Divinity enrollment of 27,634 students.

The Master of Divinity has long been the degree that most mainline denominations require of their ministers and ministerial candidates. Although the structure, delivery methods, and required hours have changed in recent years, this degree has offered training in the biblical, historical, theological, and ministry skills expected of full-time ministers.

Although theological schools have offered a number of Master’s degrees in the past (such as the Master of Religious Education, the Master of Church Music, or the Master of Theology), in recent years the number of professional programs such as the Master of Arts in Ministry or the Master of Arts in Youth Ministry have proliferated. These degrees usually require fewer hours than the MDiv and are focused on a specific type of ministry.

Mainline denominations expect a high level of preparation for their ministers, so they will continue to require professional ministers to pursue the Master of Divinity. Many of these will be mid-career folks who have felt the call to ministry and are willing to "jump through the hoops" to become ordained clergy.

Most evangelical and non-denominational churches are more interested in a sense of personal calling and a good fit for their ministry and worship styles. Any degree is appreciated if it will assist the minister in furthering the mission of the church.

What does this mean for theological institutions?

First, they must provide Master of Divinity programs that are practical, accessible, and affordable for both traditional (young adult) students and mid-career learners who often have full-time employment, part-time or volunteer church engagement, and a family.

Second, they must identify the ministry needs that may be met by the more limited preparation offered by a Master’s degree. Again, these must be practical, accessible, and affordable.

Third, they must find ways to support and educate lay pastors and leaders who have been "called out" of congregations to preach, lead, provide pastoral care, and lead age-oriented ministries with children, youth, adults, and senior adults. They will find willing partners in many denominations who are struggling to find ministry leaders. The answer may come in several forms—certificates, stackable course offerings, or academic degrees.

The greatest challenges for seminaries will be the ability to marshal the financial and personnel resources to serve the churches in this way and the flexibility to try new structures and delivery systems. If these institutions really want to serve the churches, change must come.

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